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Jewish East End Guide

Explore sources relating to the Jewish East End. A large community of Jewish people were living in the Whitechapel and Spitalfields areas from the mid-19th century.

Many refugees came to Tower Hamlets between 1870s-1900s from eastern Europe fleeing persecution. It can be hard to trace Jewish families prior to their migration to the UK. Discover resources by the Jewish Genealogical Society of Great Britain.

Sephardi Jews refer to members of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews' Congregation. Their community was established in the 17th century with a basis at Bevis Marks Synagogue in the City of London. They created cemeteries including the Novo Cemetery in Mile End.

The Library collections include books, pamphlets and cuttings, and microfilms. Search Class 430 which covers Jewish people in our online catalogue. Explore general books about Jewish London and biographies of Jewish East Enders. Of particular interest are publications produced by Jewish organisations and institutions such as:

  • Annual reports of the Jews’ Temporary Shelter (LC9265)
  • The Jewish Maternity Hospital (LC10059)
  • Stepney Jewish Girls Club (LC9049)
  • Jewish Year Book from 1896 onwards (LCP00099)
  • A history of the Jewish Working Men's Club and Institute 1874-1912 by Harold Pollins, 1981 (LC9028)
  • A Club called Brady by Michael Lazarus, 1996 (LCF00402). Includes many Brady Boys Club names also memorial to those who died in the Second World War, including the loss of 21 members who died when Hughes Mansions, Vallance Road was destroyed by a V2 rocket on 27 March 1945
  • East End Jewish radicals, 1875-1914, by William J. Fishman (L7453)
  • Jewish immigrant anarchists in East London 1875-1914 and Rudolf Rocker, by William J. Fishman (LC7416)
  • Gentleman's Magazine, 1731-1846 and indexes (LC1030-1034) contains some Jewish names and obituaries.
  • Shemot, by the Jewish Genealogical Society of Great Britain (LCP00190). Includes articles on Maiden Lane Cemetery, Bancroft Road with a transcript of monumental inscriptions and Harold M Perloff's overview on School Records (Shemot 8.2, June 2000) 

We hold a collection of London-wide trade directories which date from the early 19th century to 1991. They contain lists of businesses that operated in London arranged by address and trade type.

Unlike provincial towns, there are very few street directories listing private residents in the East End. The only examples date from the 1860s, and cover the more middle class, northern districts of the borough.

We hold both hard copy editions and copies of some editions from the Guildhall Library collection on microfilm.

Digitised copies of directories across the country can be viewed online via Historical Directories hosted by the University of Leicester.

Explore electoral registers dating from 1901 to the present day. These are heavily used by family historians and many are available online at Ancestry.

Earlier electoral registers are in our parish collections. The lists show the changing local populations. For example Jewish names appear in St Mary Whitechapel by 1875 there were 63 Cohens and 59 Levys voting, L/SMW/B/2/1.

Collected from a wide variety of local and national sources it dates back to the early years of the 20th century.

Key class marks for the Jewish East End include:

  • 430 - Jews (Ethnic Groups, immigrants and race relations)
  • 222.7 - Jewish Places of Worship, Stepney
  • 224.7 - Jewish Places of Worship, Poplar
  • 226.7 - Jewish Places of Worship, Bethnal Green
  • 621.13 - London Jewish Hospital
  • 621.15 - Jewish Maternity Hospital

The face of Tower Hamlets has changed beyond recognition in the past 60 years. The maps can be used to trace the location of the smallest alley and the locations of businesses, schools and institutions.

We hold over 2,000 maps dating from Elizabethan times to the present day. These include copies of Ordnance Survey maps at a scale of 1:1250 for the Borough of Tower Hamlets. They date from the mid-19th century to the late 20th century, and clearly show individual buildings.

We also hold street plans and some early parish and estate maps. Key large-scale maps from earlier dates include:

  • Gascoyne's map of the Parish of Stepney (covering most of present-day Tower Hamlets) of 1703
  • Roque's map of London of 1746
  • Horwood's map of London of c. 1795
  • Faden's map of London of c. 1813

Explore our Maps guide.

Layers of London is a map-based history website where free historic maps of London are accessible. A small selection of maps from our collections is available to view online via Layers of London.

We also have a range of maps for sale.

We hold around 33,000 photographs and illustrations relating to Tower Hamlets. These are arranged in two main series:

  • By location - street / road name
  • By subject.

    Some photographs date from the 19th century. Most are from the 20th century. Photographs can be viewed in our reading room. Explore some in our Image Library.

    Key class marks:

  • 222.7 – Jewish Places of Worship Stepney
  • 224.7 – Jewish Places of Worship Poplar
  • 226.7 – Jewish Places of Worship Bethnal Green
  • 621.13 - London Jewish Hospital
  • 621.15 - Jewish Maternity Hospital
  • 820.1 - Stepney Jewish Primary School

Explore our guide on our Sound Collection including Jewish resources.

A good range of local newspapers is held on microfilm. The earliest is the East London Observer which began in 1857. By the end of the 19th century there were about half a dozen local newspapers.

These papers are not indexed, and, except for persons of exceptional note, there are no notices of births marriages and deaths. The district was too poor and densely-populated to make this viable. If an individual died in a manner which necessitated an inquest it is possible that will have been reported.

The East London Observer even carried a weekly feature called “News from the Ghetto”. The Library also holds microfilm copies of the Jewish Chronicle from 1841 onwards, and a run of Jewish Year Books from 1898.

Princelet Street Synagogue – W/PRI

  • Extensive archive of the Princes later Princelet Street Synagogue of 18-19 Princelet Street, Spitalfields,1884-1988. Includes marriage and membership records. Also records of Loyal United Friends Friendly [or Benefit] Society and the Society for Chanting Psalms and Visiting the Sick.

Spitalfields Great Synagogue - W/SGS

  • Includes subscription and receipt books covering 1909-1975.

Stepney Jewish Girls' Club and Settlement, 1937-1974 - I/SJG - records kept by Phyllis Josephine Gerson, relating to her work with the Club and Settlement and the Alice Model Nursery

Records of the Brady Clubs (Jewish youth clubs), Whitechapel – S/BRA

  • Jewish youth clubs originally based in Whitechapel. Includes records relating to camps and photo albums of club activities.

Records of the Cable Street Group - S/CSG

  • relating to the history of anti-fascism in Tower Hamlets and support to Jewish people in 1936.

Records of the New Cambridge Boys' Club and its predecessors – S/NCB

  • Records related to the New Cambridge Boys' Club (1955-1990) and its predecessor organisations:
    • The Cambridge and Bethnal Green Boys' Club (1938-1955)
    • The Cambridge and Bethnal Green Jewish Boys' Club (1924-1937).

Diaries and scrapbook of Lydia Dorothea Benoly (1887-1969) kept while Mayor of Bethnal Green - P/BEN

Papers of William Jack (Bill) Fishman, academic historian and author - P/FIS

  • Including photographs of East End walks by Fishman and street scenes, 1907-1990s; papers, press cuttings and correspondence regarding the Battle of Cable Street, 19 Princelet Street, Spitalfields and East End history, 1980s-2007.
  • Further archives are uncatalogued. Contact staff to arrange access to files by appointment.

Papers of Jack Greenstock (1895-1980), boxer – P/GRS

  • Records documenting a major figure in boxing history including photographs, press-cuttings, personal and business correspondence.

Papers of Kevin Martin about the Novo Cemetery – P/MAR

  • Finding aids to the burial sites at the Novo Cemetery, Mile End. Records include photographs of gravestones and Excel spreadsheets documenting locations.

Documents relating to the Rosenberg family of St. George-in-the-East – P/ROS

  • Personal papers including immigration documents, 1890-1948.

Papers of the Tuffel Family of Whitechapel – P/TUF

  • The family had links Jewish schools and organisations. Records include photographs, school certificates and prayer books.

Records of the Veltman Family of 49 Hughes Mansions, Stepney - P/VEL

  • Includes wartime documents such as ration books and identity cards during the Second World War, and trade union and Jewish Friendly Society papers, 1929-1954.

Interviews by Jerry White used for research for 'Rothschild Buildings: life in an East End tenement block, 1887-1920' – P/WHT

Records of the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney – L/SMB

The most significant body of records relating to the Jewish East End are the records of the Stepney Borough Council. This local authority was created in 1901 and survived until 1965 when the London Borough of Tower Hamlets took over. The Jewish East End was largely within the boundaries of the Borough of Stepney.

Minutes of the Markets Committee – L/SMB/A/15

Includes details of market traders’ pitches. For example, in 1928, in Middlesex Street, the 1st stall outside the Essex Tavern (nine feet long) was occupied by Mordecai Hart of 7 Crispin Street. He sold confectionery and mineral waters and had been in the same position for 35 years.

Minutes of the Housing Committee – L/SMB/A/7

Includes details of applicants for housing. For example, the minutes of October 1921 details the application for the council’s newly-built Jubilee mansions. The family of Abraham Goldman of 45 Gower’s Walk, Whitechapel, who worked in Hackney, were living in two rooms. They “removed from 19 Mayland Street, Mile End Old Town, which is at the back of Jubilee Street when houses in latter street were demolished through air raid, on account of nervousness of wife and because windows of house were broken”.

Minutes of the Maternity and Child Welfare Committee - L/SMB/A/14

Includes details of families, their income and applications for support. For example, the Chicofsky family of 79 Jubilee Street, had an income of five shillings and two pence per head after deducting rent. They were successful in their application to the Council’s scheme for Free Milk with an allowance of two pints of milk per day.

Staff Registers - L/SMB/B/4

The Council’s staff registers contain detailed information relating to employees, many of whom were Jewish. For example, Morris Aaronovitch of 523 Commercial Road, was appointed the Second Despatch Clerk in the Electricity Supply Section of the Borough Treasurer’s Department, on a salary of £100. He had obtained a Royal Society of Arts certificate for Shorthand in 1920 (60 words per minute), and that he resigned his position in October 1929.

Rate Books - L/SMB/C/2

Arranged by address, these give the names of the occupiers and owners and property as well as details of the property’s value.

Few rate books and valuation lists have survived for Stepney compared with those for Bethnal Green and Poplar. But there are valuation lists for 1910 and 1935.

Also explore annual reports of Metropolitan Borough of Stepney in the Local History Library. These include entries on Jewish businesses and regulation of food.

These include the records of The Central Foundation Girls’ School (I/CFS), now in Bow Road but formerly in Spital Square. The admission registers, covering the periods, 1888-1907 and 1932-1945, include details of Jewish pupils.

Explore our schools and education guide. Many school records, including those of the Jews’ Free School (LMA/4046), are held at The London Archives.

These are documents which record the transfer of land or property between individuals, and the details of the transaction. They include personal names, dates, the costs involved and sometimes plans or maps of a local area.

Most of these have been indexed by surname. The index is only accessible in the reading room. But a large part of it can also be searched on our online catalogue).

For example, in 1870, Barnet Solomon Cohen of 9 Magdalen Row, Whitechapel was leasing out 89-91 Mansell Street, Whitechapel.

Explore our wider deed collection by reading our Title Deeds user guide.